Born in NYC in 1807 to free parents, Aldridge received his education at the second African Free School in lower Manhattan. His main inspiration for becoming an actor came from his menial city jobs: costume carrying for a British actor and performing briefly in ragtag black companies in small productions at the African Theatre before its closure. To pursue his dreams, he later emigrated from the United States to the British Isles to establish himself as a young actor because America was "simply not ready" for black actors. Upon arrival, he immediately secured his first big gig at the Old Vic (formerly known as London’s Royal Coburg Theatre) in October 1825 at just 18 years old. Recognized for his talent he was dubbed an African Roscius.

Othello, the Moor of Venice by James Northcote (1826)

Painted by James Northcote in 1826 also. Yet this one depicts Aldridge differently, giving him a lighter skin tone than the other artist. It is interesting how despite the different depictions, both paintings were made in the same year. It mainly shows what the painters prioritized, depicting him in his whiteface characterization and lighter complexions in general.

Ira Aldridge, Possibly in the Role of Othello by William Mulready (1826)

Painting depicting Aldridge about to perform as Othello, William Mulready (1786-1863)--an Irish painter--possibly captured Aldridge’s true image by depicting him as a darker skinned male assuming the role of Othello, which is interesting as at the time, suggesting that people started to pay less attention to his race and more so to his talent, especially in Russia and Ireland.

His career was not a smooth one, as he had to take on predominantly white roles to make a living—meaning he had to make his skin lighter in order to appeal to British audiences. Despite this setback, his acting was so great as a tragedian he received appreciation from the majority of his audiences.

In his early days, to get his name out as a Roscius and not just an African, he played slave roles in abolitionist melodramas, villains in tragedies such as Zanga the Moor in The Revenge and his most recognized role: Othello. He also showcased his versatility by acting as Othello and Mungo (a caricature of a black actor, almost considered a “prototype of the blackface minstrel” [Lindfors, 1999]). He duped the audience by being both talented and then feeding into their expectations of him just being a “singing buffoon” (Lindfors, 1999). Aldridge gave incredible depth to each and every one of his roles because he was able to relate most of their struggles to his own life being of African descent. His feats include, being the first actor to revive Titus Andronicus after 128 years by portraying Aaron as a hero instead of a villain, performing Shakespearean roles: Shylock, Richard III, and Macbeth. His talents were displayed by him reciting long speeches from the aforementioned Shakespearean works ranging from tragedy to comedy. He used Hull as his experimenting ground for his first “white” roles as the audience was sympathetic because Wilberforce was still fighting in the House of Commons for the abolition of slavery in the Colonies. Moreover, he was able to play Othello at Covent Garden, a well-regarded London theater. Despite his perfect performance, he received scathing criticism that caused him to practically exile himself to Ireland and Scotland. Nevertheless, he saw extreme success in Russia, resulting in people recognizing him not for his race but his many accolades as Shylock and other roles.

Paying Homage (Paul Robeson)

Paul Robeson, an actor and activist, was the first black actor to star in Shakespeare’s Othello on Broadway in 1943, over 100 years after Ira Aldridge performed it on the London stage. On and off stage, Robeson paid homage to Aldridge by using the role of Othello (that he first played in London in 1930, and again for the third and last time in England in 1959) to fight for racial equality.

Legacy

Aldridge's work inspired many generations of writers, playwrights, actors, etc. He actively chose to fight against oppression through art and paved his way to success. In the height of minstrelsy, Aldridge boldly strikes back by competing with them; his work continues to represent an important facet of history.  Moreover, he even had a chair plaque in the Globe Theater before it burned down. Aldridge had five children: Luranah, Amanda, Ira Daniel, Ira Frederick, and Rachael. However, only two were notable: Amanda was an opera singer who worked with Paul Robeson and Luranah was also an opera singer recognized for "breaking the color barrier." Ira had passed away at the age of 60 from a lung condition in Poland.

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